Three cardiothoracic surgery roles. Three dermatology. Two orthopedics. That is the entire board — and it tells you exactly what I've been saying for years.
There's a moment in my book I still think about.
I was working 60 to 80 hours a week. Full-time job plus four per diem positions, stacked highest-hourly-first like a puzzle. I was earning a lot of money and missing a lot of life.
Then a mentor rewrote a role that hadn't been publicly posted yet. Different schedule. New procedural competencies required. And a salary so much higher that I would earn more in one year at that single job than I had earned at my full-time job and all the per diem work combined.
Combined.
That was the day I understood the thing I'd been getting wrong. My income problem was never a volume problem. It was a positioning problem.
I was working more hours when I should have been working in a different seat.
Let me be precise here, because I've spent a whole chapter of my book arguing that "I don't earn enough" is one of the three limiting beliefs that will break a PA financially.
Wealth is built by what you do with your income. That is still true. Behavior is still the engine.
But the size of your income determines the size of your margin — and margin is the only raw material wealth gets built from. You cannot allocate money you never earned.
Here is the math that should make you uncomfortable.
The national median PA-C compensation I use in the book is $146,000. A cardiothoracic surgery PA in the top posting below is looking at up to $296,691. That's roughly two times median. Same license. Same three-year program. Same PANCE.
Now say you close a $79,000 gap — the difference between median and the $225,000 base on the emergency medicine role below. Call it $40,000 a year after taxes, and invest all of it at 8%.
|
After 10 years
$579,000
$40K/yr invested at 8%
|
After 20 years
$1.83M
Same contribution, same rate
|
That's not a side hustle. That's not a rental portfolio. That's one negotiation and one job change, invested consistently, doing the work of an entire second career.
You can absolutely become a millionaire as a PA paid in the 25th percentile. I said it before. But why would you do that when you can become a millionaire as a highly paid PA and have significantly more fun getting there?
So: earn more first. Then allocate like it matters.
These were verified against live job boards and employer career sites. Advertised compensation is advertised — not guaranteed take-home.
| # | Role | Employer & location | Advertised comp | W-2 confidence | Posting |
| 1 | PA — Cardiothoracic Surgery | Sutter Health Burlingame, CA |
$204,630–$296,691 | βββ Posting states "Employee Status: Regular." 401k benefits. |
View |
| 2 | Cardiothoracic Surgery PA Tue/Thu off · Fri paid non-harvesting |
Reston Hospital Center / HCA Reston, VA |
$180,900–$250,000 | βββ Direct HCA employment posting. W2/1099 with match. |
View |
| 3 | Cardiothoracic Surgery PA NP/PA CTICU + floor. 12-hr shifts, 24/7 in-house |
Mohawk Valley Health System Utica, NY |
$159,900–$230,000 | βββ Hospital-employed, listed "W-2 Full-Time." |
View |
| 4 | Full-Time W2 EM Hybrid APP At Large 10 shifts/mo & holiday bonuses |
Rural Physicians Group Greenwood Village, CO + travel |
$225,000 base | βββ "W2" is listed in the job title. |
View |
| 5 | Dermatology ARNP/PA Medical, surgical & cosmetic derm |
Pacific Northwest Dermatology Tacoma, WA |
$112,800–$300,000 | βββ Full-time employee structure and benefits, but "W2" not stated. |
Search |
| 6 | Dermatology PA/NP Pediatric derm — PA or NP eligible |
CHOC Specialists Orange, CA |
$141,794–$233,958 | βββ Employed medical-group structure, confirm with recruiter. |
Search |
| 7 | PA — Orthopedics M–F, no call, no evenings, no weekends |
Private musculoskeletal center Columbus, OH |
$155,900–$230,000 | βββ Probable classification, not stated in posting. |
View |
| 8 | PA — Orthopedics / Spine M–F 8:30–5, no call, evenings, or weekends |
Private musculoskeletal center Seattle, WA |
$160,900–$230,900 | βββ Probable classification, not stated in posting. |
View |
| 9 | Dermatology PA Multiple full-time openings |
Vanguard Skin Specialists Colorado Springs, Castle Rock, Pueblo & Woodland Park, CO |
$143,900–$230,900 | βββ Full-time practice employment confirmed, benefits — confirm with recruiter. |
Employer |
A note on the ordering: this is not a clean sort by top-of-range. The Tacoma dermatology role technically advertises the highest ceiling at $300,000 — but it also advertises a floor of $112,800. I'll come back to that.
Nine postings. Look at what's actually in them.
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 3 | |
| Dermatology | 3 | |
| Orthopedics | 2 | |
| Emergency medicine | 1 |
That's it. That's the whole board.
I have said this over and over and I will keep saying it:
Your specialty is the single highest-leverage variable in your PA compensation.
Not your years of experience. Not your city. Not how hard you work. Not how much your attending likes you.
Experience gets you roughly a 13% bump over ten years in orthopedics. Cost of living moves you a few points either direction. Those matter, and you should optimize both.
Subspecialty moves you 100%.
Cardiothoracic surgery, dermatology, and orthopedics win the day — and they win it for reasons that have nothing to do with luck.
It pays because the work is genuinely hard to staff. First assisting. Endoscopic vein harvesting. CTICU coverage. 24/7 in-house shifts. Seven-on, seven-off. These are procedural competencies that take real time to build, which means the supply of qualified PAs is small — and the hospital's leverage is small with it.
It pays because you sit directly on top of revenue. Medical, surgical, and cosmetic derm. High-volume, and often cash-pay. When your presence generates money, you can be compensated out of the money you generate. That is not a coincidence — it's the entire reason to organize your career around revenue-adjacent work.
It pays, and increasingly pays well, for a clean schedule. Look at rows 7 and 8. Monday through Friday. No call. No evenings. No weekends. Roughly 8:30 to 5. At $230,000 top-of-range.
Which brings me to the part most people skip.
If you take nothing else from this post, take this.
$112,800 to $300,000 is not a salary. It's a production formula with a base attached. Somebody in that role is earning $130,000 and somebody is earning $280,000, and the difference is volume, procedure mix, cosmetic uptake, and how the compensation model is built. Before you touch a range wide-eyed, you need to know exactly what triggers the upside — and whether the person currently in the seat is actually hitting it.
Meanwhile, a $230,000 orthopedics job at 40 clean hours a week with no call is $110 an hour of your actual life.
A $250,000 cardiothoracic role at 55 to 60 hours with in-house call is $80 to $87 an hour and a meaningfully different life.
The bigger number is not automatically the better job. Run the effective hourly. Run it every time.
1. Confirm the classification in writing. Five of these nine postings do not explicitly state W-2. "Full-time with benefits" strongly implies employment, but implication is not a contract. Ask the recruiter directly.
2. Get total compensation, not base. Retirement match, profit sharing, CME dollars, paid CME days, PTO, HSA contributions, bonus structure. Two jobs at the same salary can differ by $15,000 or more once you add it all up.
Everything in that table is a job. Somebody else's payroll, somebody else's schedule, somebody else's ceiling.
W-2 income is the right place to start — it's the most reliable, it's usually the largest single line on your tax return, and it's the easiest lever to move quickly. That's exactly why I put it first.
But it is one lane on a much wider road.
There is a whole category of income available to PAs through 1099 work and consulting — expert witness work, medical-legal review, industry consulting, structures — where the tax treatment is different, the rate per hour is often multiples of clinical pay, and the ceiling isn't set by a salary somebody wrote into a job posting.
And then there are side hustles. The first time I got paid $1,500 to spend 90 minutes networking, eating a filet mignon, and teaching colleagues about a topic I already knew cold, I realized I'd been thinking about extra income completely wrong for years. That was 8 to 10 times my clinical hourly rate.
It doesn't have to.
I'm going to break all of that down in the next post: the 1099 plays, the structures worth understanding, and the highest-yield side hustles I've personally done across a decade in practice.
You are not going to budget your way to wealth on a below-median salary.
Go get the income first. Negotiate the job you're in. Interview often enough to have leverage. If the seat you're sitting in has a ceiling, change seats — as long as you leave on good terms, there is almost no downside to a PA job transition.
Then take the margin that income creates and put it to work deliberately. The income alone was never the point.
Earn more.
Keep more.
Buy assets.
In that order.